Why Pediatric CPR Matters
Every second counts when a child’s life is on the line. Cardiac arrest, choking, and drowning are some of the leading causes of pediatric emergencies. Pediatric CPR gives the brain, heart, and other vital organs the oxygen they desperately need until professional help arrives. The catch? Kids aren’t just small adults: their bodies need unique care, and knowing the correct techniques could make all the difference.
Key Differences: Infants vs. Children vs. Adults
Not all CPR is created equal. The American Heart Association and other leading medical organizations highlight distinct approaches for infants (under 1 year), children (1-8 years), and adults:
| Age Group | Compression Depth | Technique | Compression-to-Breath Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infant (<1 year) | About 1.5 inches (4 cm) | 2 fingers on breastbone | 30:2 (single rescuer) |
| Child (1-8 yrs) | About 2 inches (5 cm) | 1 or 2 hands on chest | 30:2 (single rescuer) |
| Adult (>8 yrs) | At least 2 inches (5 cm) | 2 hands on chest | 30:2 |
Why does this matter? Too much force can cause injury in little ones, and doing CPR “like an adult” simply isn’t safe for kids.
Step-by-Step Pediatric CPR Instructions
For Infants (Under 1 Year Old)
Check Responsiveness
- Tap the baby’s foot and call their name loudly.
- If no response, shout for help.
Call for Emergency Help
- If alone, give 2 minutes of CPR before dialing 911.
- If someone is with you, have them call immediately.
Open the Airway
- Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin.
Check for Breathing
- Look, listen, and feel for breath for up to 10 seconds.
Begin Chest Compressions
- Place 2 fingers in the center of the chest (just below the nipple line).
- Press down about 1.5 inches, fast and hard: 100-120 times per minute.
- Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
Rescue Breaths
- Cover the baby’s mouth AND nose with your mouth.
- Give 2 gentle breaths, each lasting 1 second, watching for chest rise.
Repeat
- 30 compressions, followed by 2 breaths. Continue until the baby breathes or help arrives.
For Children (Ages 1-8)
Check Responsiveness
- Gently tap and shout “Are you OK?”
Call for Help
- If alone, do 2 minutes of CPR, then call 911.
- If others are present, have them call for help immediately and grab an AED (if available).
Open the Airway
- Tilt the child’s head back gently and lift the chin.
Check for Breathing
- Watch, listen, and feel for breathing for 10 seconds.
Chest Compressions
- Place the heel of one hand (or both hands if needed) on the center of the chest, below the nipple line.
- Press down ~2 inches (one-third the chest depth) at 100-120 compressions per minute.
Rescue Breaths
- Pinch the nose, make a seal over the mouth, and give 2 breaths (1 second each).
- Each breath should make the chest visibly rise.
Repeat
- 30 compressions, 2 breaths, over and over, until help arrives or the child improves.
Tip: For infants and children, always use less force than you would for an adult. The goal is effective compressions, not injury.
When to Call 911
- If you’re alone: Do CPR for 2 minutes, then call 911.
- If you have help: Call 911 immediately, then start CPR.
- Always get an AED if available and use pediatric pads for children under 8 years old.
Hands-Only CPR: When and How
If you aren’t comfortable giving rescue breaths, hands-only CPR (just compressions) is better than doing nothing. Push fast and hard in the center of the chest, allowing for full recoil.
However, children and infants are often victims of breathing problems first (not heart problems). That’s why rescue breaths are especially important in pediatric emergencies.
Real-World Emergencies: What Triggers Pediatric CPR?
- Drowning
- Choking
- Accidents and trauma
- Allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
- Sudden illness or seizure
- Asthma attacks
Recognizing these emergencies and acting quickly is critical. If a child is unresponsive and not breathing normally, start CPR right away.
Placing a Child in the Recovery Position
If a child starts breathing again before help arrives, put them in the recovery position:
- Place the child on their side.
- Ensure the head is tilted back slightly to keep the airway open.
- Bend one leg and one arm to support their position.
- Stay with them and monitor breathing until EMS arrives.
How to Practice Pediatric CPR Skills
Reading about CPR is great: but nothing beats hands-on training. Practice builds muscle memory and confidence, which is crucial in an actual emergency.
Recommendation: Take a certified course, like the American Heart Association’s Heartsaver Pediatric First Aid CPR AED course or a mobile, hands-on class with Code Blue Safety Skills.
- Use age-specific manikins to get a feel for proper technique.
- Schedule regular refreshers: skills can fade in just a few months.
- Encourage school staff and fellow parents to get trained together.
Building a Safer Home, School, and Community
CPR is just one part of a safety net. Here’s how parents and teachers can go further:
- Keep first aid kits and AEDs accessible
- Learn to recognize signs of allergic reactions and asthma attacks
- Review choking rescue techniques (like back blows for infants and the Heimlich maneuver for kids)
- Have emergency numbers programmed in every phone
- Make emergency response plans with your school or childcare center
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How hard should I press when doing compressions on a child?
A: Compress the chest about one-third to one-half the depth: about 2 inches for kids, 1.5 inches for infants.
Q: What if I make a mistake?
A: Doing something is always better than doing nothing. Even “imperfect” CPR can make the difference until EMS arrives.
Q: Can I hurt my child with CPR?
A: Minor injuries are possible, but survival is the priority. Proper technique minimizes the risk.
Q: Where can I get hands-on training in San Diego or Temecula?
A: Code Blue Safety Skills offers mobile, in-person, and hybrid training. Book your class here.
Final Thoughts
Learning pediatric CPR empowers you to step in with confidence when a child needs you most. Be proactive: take a class, practice regularly, and keep this guide handy so you’re always prepared. You never know when your knowledge could save a life.
Stay safe, stay ready: and remember, every second truly counts.
Looking for a class near you or a training session for your school or workplace? Visit Code Blue Safety Skills to book your spot.
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